Biodegradable Granules: What Are They and How Are They Used?

What are biodegradable granules, and what is their function?

These granules can be processed into different products and are being explored for applications ranging from packaging and agriculture to injection molding and 3D printing.

But what exactly are biodegradable granules, what are they made from, and how are they used?

In this article, we will take a simple look at biodegradable granules, their common applications, and why bio-based materials such as bamboo are attracting attention in sustainable manufacturing.

What Are Biodegradable Granules?

Biodegradable granules are raw materials designed to break down through biological processes under suitable environmental conditions.

They are usually supplied in small pellet or granular forms so they can be easily stored, transported, mixed, and fed into manufacturing equipment.

Like conventional plastic pellets, biodegradable granules can be developed for different processing methods. Depending on the material formulation, they may be used for:

Injection molding
Extrusion
Thermoforming
Film production
Blow molding
3D printing

This makes biodegradable granules more than just an environmentally friendly material. They can serve as a starting point for developing a wide range of products.

It is also important to understand that biodegradable does not automatically mean compostable. Biodegradation depends on factors such as material composition, temperature, moisture, microorganisms, and environmental conditions. Compostability involves additional requirements and specific testing conditions.

What Are Biodegradable Granules Made From?

There is no single type of biodegradable granule. Different materials can be used depending on the desired properties and application.

Common material options include:

Starch-Based Materials

Starch from sources such as corn, potato, or cassava can be used in biodegradable material formulations.

Starch-based materials are commonly explored for packaging, films, and disposable products.

PLA

PLA, or polylactic acid, is a bio-based polymer widely used in packaging and 3D printing.

PLA can be processed into pellets or granules for further manufacturing, although its biodegradation and compostability depend on the specific conditions and applicable standards.

PHA

PHA is a family of bio-based polymers produced through biological processes. Different PHA materials can offer different levels of flexibility, strength, and biodegradation performance.

Natural Fiber and Biomass-Based Materials

Natural fibers and biomass can also be incorporated into engineered biodegradable materials.

Examples include materials based on:

Bamboo
Wood fibers
Agricultural residues
Other plant-based biomass

These materials are particularly interesting for manufacturers looking for renewable alternatives to conventional plastic feedstocks.

Bamboo Bio-Granules as a Biodegradable Material

Bamboo bio-granules are one example of a biomass-based material solution.

Bamboo is a rapidly renewable plant resource that can be processed into powder or fiber and further developed into engineered materials.

The basic process can be understood as:

Bamboo Biomass → Material Processing → Bio-Granulation → Bamboo Bio-Granules → Finished Products

Instead of using bamboo only to manufacture a finished product, the material can be processed into granules and supplied as an upstream raw material.

For example, ZSS Technology develops bamboo-based biopellets and sheets for downstream manufacturing applications, producing items such as biodegradable disposable tableware packaging and agricultural mulch films.

The specific properties and applications of bamboo-based biopellets depend on their formulation and technical specifications.

This opens the possibility of using bamboo-based materials in different manufacturing processes and product categories.

Common Applications of Biodegradable Granules

Biodegradable granules are used wherever conventional plastic resin would be used — the difference is the material system and end‑of‑life profile. Main application areas include: 

Disposable Tableware and Food Packaging

One of the largest and fastest‑growing uses is in compostable or biodegradable foodservice products, such as:

• Cutlery (forks, knives, spoons)
  
• Bowls, plates and lunch boxes
  
• Lids, trays and takeaway containers

ZSS Technology utilizes biodegradable granules—processed via injection molding or thermoforming (using biodegradable sheets)—to manufacture products that meet food-contact safety standards while offering clear sustainability advantages.

We provide a true one-stop service, covering everything from raw material production to finished product manufacturing.

3D Printing Filament and Additive Manufacturing

Biodegradable granules are also extruded into filament for FFF/FDM 3D printing, enabling:

• Prototyping with more sustainable materials
• Custom consumer products, educational models and design objects
• Specialized applications where biocompatibility or compostability is valued.

Bamboo‑filled bioplastic filaments combine the printability of standard thermoplastics with a natural look and feel, making them popular for designers and brands that want a visible “eco” signal.

Consumer Goods, Household Items and Promotional Products

Beyond food contact applications, biodegradable granules are used in a wide range of non‑food consumer products, such as:

• Combs, brushes and personal care accessories
• Hangers, storage boxes and household organizers
• Pens, rulers and stationery items
• Promotional gifts and branded merchandise.

Here, the focus is often on bio‑based content, natural aesthetics and brand storytelling, rather than strict industrial compostability. Bamboo‑based compounds are especially attractive because they deliver a wood‑like appearance with the processing convenience of plastic.  

Biodegradable Granules vs. Conventional Plastic Granules

At first glance, biodegradable granules and conventional plastic pellets may look very similar. Both can be supplied as small particles and used as raw materials for manufacturing.

The main difference lies in their material composition and intended end-of-life behavior.

What Should You Consider When Choosing Biodegradable Granules?

If you are looking for biodegradable granules for manufacturing, several technical factors should be considered.

Material Composition

First, understand what the granules are actually made from.

Ask about:

Bio-based content
Polymer composition
Natural fiber content
Additives
Binders
Other material components

Processing Method

Make sure the material is suitable for your manufacturing process.

For example:

Injection molding
Extrusion
Thermoforming
Film extrusion
3D printing

Melt Flow Rate

Melt flow rate can affect how a material behaves during processing.

Different applications may require different flow characteristics, so the MFR should be evaluated under the specified testing conditions.

Thermal Performance

Processing and application temperatures are also important.

A material suitable for one manufacturing process may not be suitable for another.

Mechanical Properties

Depending on the final product, manufacturers may need to evaluate:

Tensile strength
Elongation
Flexibility
Impact resistance
Hardness
Dimensional stability

Biodegradation or Compostability Data

If biodegradation or compostability is an important product claim, ask for relevant test data and certification.

Most importantly, check the conditions under which the material was tested.

A material tested for industrial composting should not automatically be marketed as home compostable or soil biodegradable.

Conclusion

Biodegradable granules provide manufacturers with an alternative raw-material option for developing more sustainable products.

From injection molding and thermoforming to packaging, agriculture, film extrusion, and 3D printing, their potential applications extend across multiple industries.

Among the different material options, bamboo bio-granules offer a biomass-based approach that connects renewable bamboo resources with modern manufacturing processes.

The key to successful material selection is to look beyond the word "biodegradable." Material composition, processing compatibility, mechanical performance, thermal properties, biodegradation conditions, and relevant testing should all be considered.

For manufacturers looking to explore bamboo-based biodegradable materials, ZSS Technology provides bamboo bio-granules and bamboo-based material solutions for downstream product development.

Looking for biodegradable granules for your next product? Contact ZSS Technology to discuss your material requirements, application, and sample options.